Shown above are 4 men buried up to their necks in the ground.
They cannot move, so they can only look forward.
Between A and B is a brick wall through which they cannot see.
Each knows that between them are 4 hats, 2 x black and 2 x white, but none knows the color of his own hat.
In order to avoid being shot, one of them must call out the color of his own hat to the executioner. If he gets it wrong, everyone will be shot.
They are not allowed to talk to each other and have 10 minutes to figure it out.
After a couple of minutes:
Q: Which one of them calls out to the executioner?
Q: Why is he 100% certain of the color of his hat?
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